DESCRIPTION OF TEETH
The teeth are the hardest structures in
the human body. A tooth is divided into two basic parts, the crown, which is
the visible, white part of the tooth, and the root, which cannot be seen the
root extends below the gum line and anchors the tooth into the bone.
Teeth
tend erupt in parallel, meaning that the top molar on your left side should
grow in, at about the same time as the top molar on the right.
Tooth development begins long before the
first tooth becomes visible. For example, a baby’s first tooth appears at
around six months of age, but development of those teeth actually begins during
the early second trimester of pregnancy. The crown of a tooth forms first,
while the roots continue to develop even after the tooth has erupted.
The 20 primary teeth are in place by age
3 and remain until around 6 years of age when they begin to fall out to make
way for the permanent set of teeth.
Adult
teeth start to grow between 6 and 12 years of age, most adults have 32
permanent teeth. Permanent teeth are larger and take longer to grow in their primary
teeth? Adim (2010).
Types of Teeth
According to David, (1999), teeth helps to
cut, tear or chew your food, making it easier to digest? Thos teeth are
discussed below:
Incisors: Incisors
are the eight teeth in the front and center of the mouth (four on top and four
on bottom). These are the teeth used to take bites of food. Incisors are
usually the first teeth to erupt, at around 6 months of age for the first set
of teeth, and between 6 and 8 years of age for the adult set.
Canines: The
four canines are the next types to develop. These are the sharpest teeth and
are used for ripping and tearing food apart. Primary canines generally appear
between 16 and 20 months of age with the upper canines coming in just ahead of
the lower canines. In permanent teeth, the order is reversed. Lower canines erupt
around age 9 with the uppers arriving between 11 and 12 years of age.
Premolars or biscuspids: Right
behind the canine teeth are the premolars on each side of the jaw, making them
8 premolars in number. They are also known as bicuspids. Premolars have cusps
on top of the broader, surfaces that allow for grinding and chewing.
Molars: Primary
molars are also used for chewing and grinding food. These appear between 12 and
15 months of age. These molars, also known as deciduous molars, are replaced by
the first and second permanent premolars (four upper and four lower). The
permanent molars do not replace? but come in behind the primary teeth, the
first molars erupt around 6 years of age (before the primary molars fall out)
while the second molars come in between 11 and 13 years of age.
Third Molars: Third
molars are commonly known as wisdom teeth. These are the last teeth to develop.
Structures of Teeth
The
structures or tissue of the teeth are described below:
-
Enamel:
The
hardest, white outer part of the tooth (crown). Enamel is mostly made of
calcium phosphate, a rock hard mineral.
-
Dentin:
A
layer underlying the enamel. Dentin is made of living cells, which secrete a
hard mineral substance.
-
Pulp:
The
softer, living, inner structure of teeth. Blood vessels and nerves run through
the pulp of the teeth.
-
Cementum:
A
layer of connective tissue that binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gum
and jaw bone.
-
Periodontal
Ligament: Tissue that helps hold the teeth tightly against the
jaw. (Renner, 1995).
Over view of hyperdontia
Hyperdontia are the teeth in excess of
the normal number varied in form and location and occur in both primary and
permanent dentition. The prevalence of hyperdontia is between 0.15 and 3.9
percent. These can be single or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, malformedmorphologically or normal in size and shape, erupted or may be impacted or may
remain in position for years without any clinical manifestation (Samjay saraf,
2006).
The supernumerary teeth may be present
in deciduous as well as in permanent dentition but are less frequently seen in
deciduous dentition. Approximately 80-90 percent of extra teeth are seen in
maxilla preferably in anterior regions.
The extra causes of supernumerary teeth
is not known but there are various theories to explain the etiology of
supernumerary teeth. The widely accepted theory that explain the cause is thepersistence of a part of dental lamina even after the formation of normalnumber of tooth buds.
According
to (Scheiner and Sampson, (1997), the residual dental lamina (cells rests of
serreis) if initiated by induction factors develop into a supernumerary tooth
or odotoma
Aetiology of Hyperdontia
According
to (Samjay Saraf, 2006), there is evidence of hereditary factors along with
some evidence of environmental factors leading to this condition. Hyperdontia
is rare in people with no other associated disease or syndromes. Many
supernumerary teeth never erupt, but they may delay eruption of nearby teeth or
cause other dental or orthodontic problems. Molar type extra teeth are the
rarest form, dental x-rays are often used to diagnose hyperdontia. It is
suggested that supernumerary teeth develop from a second tooth but arising from
the dental lamina near the regular tooth but or possibly from splitting the
regular tooth bud itself.
Supernumerary
teeth in deciduous (baby) teeth are less common than in permanent teeth. These
conditions are seen in a number of disorders including Guradner’s syndrome and
cleidocranial dysostosis.where multiple supernumerary teeth are seen that are uesually
impacted (Rajab and Hamdan, 2002).
Classification of hyperdontia
Supernumerary teeth can be classified
according to shape and location
According
to shape.
1. Conical: These
often occur singly and are smallpeg-shaped, conical and may be of inverted type. These displace erupting
permanent maxillary central incisor and have a normal root.
2. Tuberculate:
These are multicuspid, short, barrel shaped teeth with abnormal root.
Tuberculate rarely erupts themselves, as compared to conical but rather these
delay the eruption of permanent maxillary central incisors teeth and develop.
3. Supplemental:
These resemble adjacent teeth, eg. Maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors of
deciduous dentition.
4. Odontomas:
These have no regular shape
5. Molariform: These
have the shape of premolar crown with a complete root.
Supernumerary according to location
1.
Mesiodens: Located between maxillary central incisors
(pre-maxillary region)
2.
Paramolar: Buccally, lingually or palatally in between
second
and third maxillary molars, rarely in between
first and second maxillary molars
3.
Distomolar: Located distal or
distolingual to third molars
(maxillary
or mandibular, in mandibular often impacted).
4. Parapremolar: Additional tooth in premolar region
5. Paramolar root: Additional cusp present on buccal surface of
a
permanent molar parastyle, if
additional cusp is present on buccal
surface of a permanent molar protostylid, if addition cusp is present on
mandibular molar. (Garvey, Blake, 1999).
Complications of hyperdontia
1.
Crowding occurs when the dental arch is
too small to accommodate the teeth. Severe crowding can result in the bone and
gum becoming thin and receding, and people with severely crowded teeth are more
susceptible to gum disease as it is difficult for them to brush and floss well.
2.
Root
Resorption: root resportion is the break down or
destruction, and subsequent loss of the root structure of a tooth. This is
caused by living body cells attacking part of the tooth. When the damage
extends to the whole tooth, it is called tooth resportion.
3.
Dilacerations:
Dilacerations is a dental anomaly characterized by an angulations or bend inroot or less frequency in the crown of tooth. This condition is thought to be
caused by trauma during the period in which the tooth is forming.
4.
Gingival
Inflammation: Gingival inflammation it commonly
occurs because of film of bacteria that accumulate on the teeth.
5.
Subacute
Pericoronitis: Pericoronitis is inflammation of soft
tissue covering the crown of the partially erupted or impacted tooth and is
caused by normal oral flora or the inflammation of gingival in relation to the
crown of partially erupted tooth. Pericoronitis is said to be subacute when itis gradually progressing for the acute stage to more serious chronic stage andcharacterized by slow development and pain.
6.
Periodontal abscess is a localized
collection of pus within the tissues of the periodontium. Periodontal abscess
occurs alongside of a tooth. Periodontal abscesses are usually associated with
vital (living) tooth.
7.
Alveolar bone crafting: Supernumerary
teeth may compromise secondary alveolar bone grafting in patient with cleft lip
and palate. Erupted supernumerary are usually removed and the socket are
allowed to heal prior to bone grafting.
Supernumerary should
not be extracted without consultation with the cleft team.
8.
Failure
of Eruption: The presence of a supernumerary tooth
is the most common causes for the failure of eruption of a maxillary central
incisor. It may also cause retention of the primary incisor.
9.
Increase risk of Dental caries due to
the presence of supernumerary teeth that makes the area inaccessible to maintain
oral hygiene. (Intelligent Dental, 2011).
Dentigerous cyst formation
Dentigerous
cyst also called follicular cysts, are benign, non-inflammatory odontogeniccysts that thought to be developmental in origin.
Dentigerous
cysts are the second most common odontogenic cysts after those related to the
roots of the (Periapica cysts). They usually present in the 2nd to 4th
decades of life and are rarely seen in childhood because they almost
exclusively occur in secondary dentition 1-3.
Ameloblastoma:
Ameloblastoma
is a rare, non-cancerous (benign) tumor that develops most often in the jaw
near the molars. Ameloblastoma occurs in men more often than it occurs in
woman. Though it can be diagnosed at any age, ameloblastoma is most often
diagnosed in adults in their 40s or 50s. despite being benign, ameloblastoma
can be very aggressive, growing into the
jaw bone and causing swelling and pain. Very rarely, ameloblastoma cell can
spread to other areas of the body, such as the lymh nodes in the neck and the
lungs.
Ameloblastoma
is the most common type of odontogenic lesion.
Odontomas:
Odontomas
are one of most common of mandibular lesions encountered, and the most common odontogenic tumours of the mandible.(Garvey, 1999)
Diagnosis of Hyperdontia
Occasionally, supernumerary teeth are
asymptomatic and may be detected as a chance finding during radiographic
examination. Detailed history, clinical examination, thorough investigation,early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of supernumerary teeth are mandatory.
Unerupted supernumerary may be found by chance during radiographic examination.
Sometimes clinician may suspect the presence of supernumerary teeth, if there
is failure of eruption or ectopic
eruption of permanent tooth, persistence of deciduous tooth, wide diastema and
obvious presence of additional teeth. An anterior occlusal or perapical
radiograph using paralleling technique and panaromic view are the most useful radiographic
investigation to visalize supernumerary teeth. Recently, computed tomography
has also been used to detect the presence of supernumerary teeth.
Complete radiographic survey of the entire
oral cavity is essential to identify the presence of all impacted supernumerary
teeth ranges from 3 to 1. However, radiographs alone are not adequate for the
definitive diagnosis. Their interpretation should always be conducted in
conjunction with clinical finding.
Management of Hyperdontia
According to Parolia(2011),management
depends on the type and location of the supernumerary teeth and on its
potential effect on adjacent hard and soft tissue structures.
It can be managed either by removal or
endodontic therapy or by maintaining them in the arch and frequent observation.
Extraction should be performed carefully
to prevent damage to adjacent permanent teeth, which may cause ankylosis and
maleruption of these teeth. The clinican should be careful to avoid
complications such as damaging nerve and blood vessels during manipulation of
the tooth perforation of maxillary sinus, pterygomaxillary space, orbit and
fracture of maxillary tuberosity. Clinican must be alert as sometimes
supernumerary teeth are fused with adjacent tooth structure at crown or root
levels which may make the extraction difficult.
Supernumerary teeth can also be kept
under observation without extraction when satisfactory eruption of related
teeth has occurred with no association pathology and not causing any functional
and esthetic interference.
CHAPTER FOUR
TABLE 1: THE SEX OF THE STUDENTS
Sex
|
Frequency
|
%
|
Male
|
110
|
44.72
|
Female
|
136
|
55.28
|
Total
|
246
|
100
|
Table
1 above illustrate the sex of the students. 110(44.72%) of males and 136(55.28%)
of female make-up the 246(100%) of the tote students.
TABLE
2: THE AGE RANGE OF THE STUDENTS
Age
range
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No
of
Male
|
%
|
No
of
Female
|
%
|
11 – 13
|
36
|
14.63
|
16
|
6.50
|
20
|
8.13
|
14 – 16
|
92
|
37.40
|
37
|
15.04
|
55
|
22.36
|
17 – 19
|
104
|
42.28
|
49
|
19.9
|
55
|
22.36
|
20-22
|
14
|
5.69
|
8
|
3.25
|
6
|
2.44
|
Total
|
246
|
100
|
110
|
44.69
|
136
|
55.29
|
Table
2 above illustrate that 36(14.63%) of student falls in age range 11-13;
16(14.55%) of male and 20(8.13%) of females. 92(37.40%) of students falls in
age range 14-16, 37(15.04%) of males and 55(22.36%) of females. 104(42.28%)
students falls in 17-19, 49(44.55%) of male and 55(22.36%) of females.
14(5.69%) student falls in 20-22, 8(3.25%) of males and 6(2.44%) of females.
TABLE 3: The class of the students
Class
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No
of
Male
|
%
|
No
of
Female
|
%
|
JSS 1
|
41
|
16.67
|
22
|
8.94
|
19
|
7.72
|
JSS 2
|
41
|
16.67
|
18
|
7.32
|
28
|
9.35
|
JSS 3
|
41
|
16.67
|
17
|
6.91
|
24
|
9.76
|
SS 1
|
41
|
16.67
|
15
|
6.10
|
26
|
10.57
|
SS 2
|
41
|
16.67
|
17
|
6.91
|
24
|
9.76
|
SS 3
|
41
|
16.67
|
21
|
8.54
|
20
|
8.13
|
Total
|
246
|
100
|
110
|
44.72
|
136
|
55.29
|
Table
3 above show the classes of the students used. Out of the 246 student
41(16.67%) student were from each class ie JSS 1 – SSS 3. 22(20%) males and
19(13.97%) female were in JSS 1, 18(16.36%) males and 28(20.59%) females were
in JSS 2, 17(15.45%) males and 24 (17.65%) females were in JSS 3, 15(13.64%)
males and 26(19.12%) females were in SSS 1, 17(15.45%) males and 24(17.65%)
females were in SSS 2, while 21(19.09%) males and 20(14.71%) females were in
SSS 3.
TABLE 4: THE ORAL CONDITIONS OF THE
STUDENTS
SELECTED
Oral
Condition
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No
of
Male
|
 % |
No
of
Female
|
%
|
Fair
|
149
|
60.57
|
58
|
52.73
|
91
|
66.91
|
Poor
|
76
|
30.89
|
40
|
36.36
|
36
|
26.47
|
Very Poor
|
21
|
8.54
|
12
|
10.91
|
9
|
6.62
|
Table
4 above shows the oral conditions of the students selected. 149(60.57%) had fair
mouth, 76(30.89%) had poor mouth while 21(8.54%) had very poor oral health
condition. Higher number of females had fair mouth than males while higher
number of males had poor and very poor mouth than the females.
TABLE 5: THE PRESENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY
(HYPERDONTIA)
Supernumerary
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No
of
Male
|
%
|
No
of
Female
|
%
|
Yes
|
5
|
2.03
|
1
|
0.91
|
4
|
2.94
|
No
|
241
|
97.97
|
109
|
99.09
|
132
|
97.06
|
Total
|
246
|
100
|
110
|
100
|
136
|
100
|
Table
5 above shows the presence of supernumerary (hyperdontia) as observed. Out of
246 students examined, 5(2.03%) were having supernumerial teeth which comprises
of 1(0.91%) males and 4(2.94%) females. While 241(97.97%) were having normal
dentition (not supernumerary).
TABLE 6: THE LOCATION OF THE
SUPERNUMERARY AS OBSERVED
Location
of supernumerary
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No
of
Male
|
%
|
No
of
Female
|
%
|
Mandibulary
|
2
|
40
|
1
|
100
|
1
|
25
|
Maxillary
|
3
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
75
|
Both mandible
and maxilla
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
4
|
100
|
Table
6 above shows the location of the supernumerary on the observed students. Out
of the 5 students observed, 2(40%) were having mandible supernumerial teeth,
3(60%) student were having maxillary supernumerial teeth while no student had
supernumerary on both mandible and maxilla. 1(100%) males had mandibular
supernumerary while 1(25%) females had mandibular supernumerary. And maxillary
supernumerary were found on 3(75%) of females only.
TABLE 7: THE SHAPE OF THE
SUPERNUMERIAL TEETH AS OBSERVED
Shape
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No
of
Male
|
%
|
No
of
Female
|
%
|
Conical
|
4
|
80
|
1
|
100
|
3
|
75
|
Tuberculate
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Supplemental
|
1
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
25
|
Odotomas
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Molariform
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
4
|
100
|
Table
7 above shows the various shape of the supernumerary teeth as observed. Out of
the 5 students observed 4(80%) had conical shape comprise of 1(100%) male and
3(75%) females while 1(20%) had supplemental type ie 1(25%) female only.
TABLE 8: THE TOOTH AFFECTED
Tooth
Affect
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No
of
Male
|
%
|
No
of
Female
|
%
|
Central Incisor
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Lateral Incisor
|
3
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
75
|
Canine
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1st Premolar
|
2
|
40
|
1
|
100
|
1
|
25
|
2nd Premolar
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
3rd Molar
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
4
|
100
|
Table 8: above shows
the type of the tooth affect in their mouth as observed. Out of the 5 students
3(60%) students had their on lateral incisor while 2(40%) had theirs on the 1st
premolar.
TABLE
9: THE LEVEL OF DENTAL AWARENESS THEY HAVE
Dental awareness
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No of Male
|
%
|
No of Female
|
%
|
Yes
|
40
|
16.26
|
18
|
16.36
|
22
|
16.18
|
No
|
206
|
83.74
|
92
|
83.64
|
114
|
83.82
|
Total
|
246
|
100
|
110
|
100
|
136
|
100
|
Table 9 above show the
level of dental awareness the students have. Out of the 246 student questioned,
40(16.26%) had been aware while 206(83.74%) had no knowledge at all.
TABLE
10: THE TOTAL NUMBER OF TOOTH AFFECTED BY SUPERNUMERARY
No of Tooth
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No of Male
|
%
|
No of Female
|
%
|
1
tooth
|
2
|
40
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
50
|
2
teeth
|
3
|
60
|
1
|
100
|
2
|
50
|
3
teeth
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
4
teeth
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
4
|
100
|
Table 10 above shows
the total number of teeth affected. And it was observed that out of the 5
student 2(40%) were having only 1 tooth extra for the females only while 3(60%)
were having 2 teeth extra, 1(100%) male and 2(50%) females.
TABLE
11: THE CAUSES OF THE HYPERDONTIA
Causes
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No of Female
|
%
|
No of Male
|
%
|
Syndrome
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Hereditary
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
0
|
4
|
100
|
Disease
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Environmental
factors
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
4
|
100
|
Table 11 shows the
causes of the hyperdontia found on the observed students. Out of the 5 students
found all were as a result of hereditary 5 (100%)
TABLE
12: VARIOUS COMPLICATIONS FOUND ON THE AFFECTED STUDENTS
Complication
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No of Male
|
%
|
No of Female
|
%
|
Crowding
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
Dental
caries
|
2
|
40
|
1
|
100
|
1
|
25
|
Root
resportion
|
1
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
25
|
Delaceration
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Loss
of vitality of adjacent teeth
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Subacute
pericoronitis
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Gingival
inflammation
|
3
|
60
|
1
|
100
|
2
|
|
Periodontal
abscesses
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Total
|
Table 12 above shows
some complications found on the affected students. It was observed that all the
victims had crowded teeth. 2(40%) had dental caries, 1(20%) had root resorption
while 3(60%) had gingival inflammation.
TABLE
13: THE POSSIBLE TREATMENT NEED FOR EACH OF THEM
Treatment
|
Frequency
|
%
|
No of Males
|
%
|
No of Female
|
%
|
Removal/Extraction
|
4
|
80
|
1
|
100
|
3
|
75
|
Orthodontic
therapy
|
1
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
25
|
Total
|
5
|
100
|
1
|
100
|
4
|
100
|
Table 13 above shows
the possible treatment needed for the affected students. Due to the position
and nature of the problems, it was observed that out of the 5 students, 4(80%)
need removal or extraction while 1(20%) need orthodontic therapy.
TEST
OF HYPOTHESIS
Sex
(x)
|
110
|
136
|
Presence
of hyperdontia (y)
|
5
|
241
|
X
|
Y
|
(y-y)2
|
(x-x)2
|
(y-y)2
|
(x-x) (y-y)
|
|
110
|
5
|
13
|
118
|
961
|
13924
|
1534
|
136
|
241
|
13
|
118
|
961
|
13924
|
1534
|
1922
|
27848
|
3068
|
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND
SUGGESTION
DISCUSSION
In view of the findings from the
research question asked previously in chapter one, answer have been provided by
the study participants. Then, following the analysis in table 1, it shows 246
people was used for the study which was selected from Junior High School to
Seniors. (41) forty-one were selected from each class to assemble to 246
participants.
From table 2, the research revealed that
out of 246 students, 36(14.63%) were from 11-13 age range group, 92(37.40%)
were from 14-16 age range group, 104(42.28%) were from 17-19 age range group
while 14(5.69%) were from 20-22 age range group.
Table
3 shows that out of 246 students selected, 22(20%) male participated more than
female in JSS1, 28(20.59%) females participated more than male in JSS II,
24(17.65%) female participated more than male in JSS III, 26(19.12%) female
participated more than male in SS I, 24(17.65%) female participated more than
male in SS II, while 21(19.09%) male participated more than female in SS III,
the participation of female students were more than male due to the higher
number of female in the school. It was also observed in table 4, that out of
246 participants, 149(60.57%) had fair oral health status comprising of
58(52.73%) male and 91(66.91%) female, 76(30.89%) had poor oral health status
comprising of 40(36.36%) male, 36(26.47%) female while 21(8.54%) had very poor oral health status comprising of 12(10.11%) male 9(6.62%) female. This can be attributed
to the fact that female take care of their teeth than male who gave their oral
health less concerned as stated that does not for beauty like women (cultural
believe).
Table
5 revealed that 5(2.03%) of the population had supernumerary while 241(97.97%)
showed absence of supernumerary observed. Out of five(5) students observed,
2(40%) were having mandibular supernumerial teeth, 3(60%) students were having
maxillar supernumerial teeth.
Table
7 revealed the shape of the supernumerary teeth observed. Out of 5 students
observed 4(80%) had conical shape, comprised of 1(100%) male and 3(75%) females
while 1(20%) had supplemental type. Ie1(25%) female only. Table 8 shows the
tooth affected. Out of 5 students 3(60%) students had their on lateral incisors
while 2(40%) had theirs on the 1st premolar. It was found from table
9, that out of 246 student questioned, 40(16.26%) had been aware while 206(83.74%)
had no knowledge at all.
Table
10 revealed the total number of tooth affected by supernumerary. Out of 5
students 2(40%) were having only 1 tooth, extra for the females only while
3(60%) were having 2 teeth extra, 1(100%) male and 2(50%) female.
From table 11, it was found the cause of
hyperdontia. Out of 5 students found, all were as a result of hereditary.
Table
12 revealed various complications found on the affected students. It was
observed that all the victim had crowded teeth. 2(40%) had dental caries,
1(20%) had root resportion while 3(60%) had gingival inflammation. Table 13
shows possible treatment needed for each of them. Due to the position and
nature of the problems, it was observed that out of the 5 students 4(80%) need
removal or extraction while 1(20%) need orthodontic therapy.
CONCLUSION
From
the research carried out in community secondary school Obeagu, in Awgu Local
Government area of Enugu state of Nigeria. It was 2.03% of the students had
hyperdontia. Therefore, there is no prevalence of hyperdontia among students
attending the school.
RECOMMENDATION
Following
the results of the study the following are the
recommendation:
1. Oral health education should be included in their school curriculum.
2. Adequate
awareness to dental treatment should be created.
3. Since
the condition can be inherited, pregnant women should be educated on oral
health during ante-natal
SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER STUDIES
1. The
knowledge, attitude and practice of students towards oral health
2. Oral
hygiene measures among members of Obeagu
community.
REFERENCES
Garvey, M.T.,
Barry, H., Blake M. (1999). Supernumerary teeth an
overview of classification, diagnosis
and management. Journal of Canadian dental association, 65(6):12-16.
Grimanis, G. A.,
Kyriakides, (!991). understanding supernumerary
teeth.
Journal of conservative dentistry 22(9):989-990.
Liu J. F.
(!995). supernumerary teeth, an overview. Journal of
conservative
dentistry, 62(2):62-65.
Rajab, L. D.,
Hamdan, M. A. (2012). Supernumerary teeth review of
the literature and a survey of 152
cases. International journal of dentistry, 12:24-249.
Scheiner, M. A.,
Sampson, (1997). The concept of supernumerary
teeth.
Austrailian journal of pediatric dentistry, 42(1):60-65.
Shah, A., Gill,
D.S., Tredwino, C., Naini, F.B., (2008). Classification
of supernumerary teeth. Journal of
American dental association, 35(5):10-17.
Parolia, A.,
etal, management of supernumerary teeth. Journal of
conservative Dentistry, 2011
July-September 14(3):221-224 accessed on
Kajendran,
R., Shafor’s textbook of oral pathology 6th edition.
Stevenson, R.E.,
& Hall J6, Human malformation and related
Anomalies,
Oxford University Press, 2005, P444.
No comments:
Post a Comment